|
North River is an alternate name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States.〔(The Random House Dictionary (2009) ) ("Part of the Hudson River between NE New Jersey and SE New York.")〕〔(The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,'Fourth Edition (2006) ) ("An estuary of the Hudson River between New Jersey and New York City flowing into Upper New York Bay.")〕〔(Webster's New World College Dictionary (2005) ) ("The lower course of the Hudson River, between New York City & NE N.J.")〕〔(The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (2009) ) ("An estuary of Hudson River between SE New York & NE New Jersey" )〕〔(Joint Report With Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations ) New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission (1926)〕 The colonial name for the entire Hudson was given to it by the Dutch in the early seventeenth century, the term fell out of general use for most of the river's 300+ mile course during the early 1900s.〔Steinhauer, Jennifer.("F.Y.I" ),''The New York Times'', May 15, 1994. Accessed January 17, 2008. "The North River was the colonial name for the entire Hudson River, just as the Delaware was known as the South River. These names went out of use sometime early in the century, said Norman Brouwer, a historian at the South Street Seaport Museum."〕 However it still retains currency as an alternate or additional name among local mariners and others〔(North River Historic Ship Society )〕〔(''The Great North River Tugboat Race and Competition'' )〕〔(North River Power Squadron )〕 as well as appearing on some nautical charts〔("SEA PADDLE NYC" )〕 and maps. The term is used for infrastructure on and under the river, such as the North River piers, North River Tunnels, and the North River Wastewater Treatment Plant. At different times "North River" has referred to the entire Hudson; the approximate 160-mile portion of the Hudson below its confluence with the Mohawk River, which is under tidal influence; the portion of it running between Manhattan and New Jersey; and/or just the short length flowing between Lower Manhattan and Hudson County, New Jersey. Its history is strongly connected to New York Harbor's shipping industry, which shifted primarily to Port Newark in the mid-20th century due to the construction of the Holland Tunnel and other river crossings and the advent of containerization.〔(City in the Sky: The Rise and Fall of the World Trade Center - James Glanz, Eric Lipton - Google Boeken )〕 The names for the lower portion of the river appear to have remained interchangeable for centuries. In 1909, construction of two tunnels projects was under way: one called the North River Tunnels, the other, the Hudson Tubes. That year the Hudson-Fulton Celebration, commemorating the first European to record navigating the river, Henry Hudson, and the first man to use paddle steamer named the North River Steamboat to sail up it, Robert Fulton, was celebrated, leading to controversy over what the waterway should be called. == Origin of the name and early usage== The origin of the name ''North River'' is generally attributed to the Dutch.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10084 )〕 In describing the major rivers in the New Netherland colony, they called what is now the Hudson the ''North River'', the Connecticut the ''Fresh River'', and the Delaware the ''South River''.〔Roberts, Sam. ("Brooklyn Murders, Depression Love, a Glamorous Librarian" ), ''The New York Times'', June 24, 2007. Accessed January 6, 2008. "You may even be directed to the sewage treatment plant in West Harlem, practically the last vestige of the name that, legend has it, the Dutch bestowed on the tidal estuary navigated by Henry Hudson to distinguish it from the South River, now known as the Delaware."〕 Another theory is that the "North" River and "East" River were so named for the direction of travel they permitted once having entered the Upper New York Bay.〔Dougherty, Steve. ("MY MANHATTAN; Away From the Uproar, Before a Strong Wind" ), ''The New York Times'', May 31, 2002. Accessed January 17, 2008. "'Because it's the river you sail to go north,' Captain Freitas explained. 'To sail east, to Long Island Sound, you would take the East River.'"〕 In 1808 the Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin, issued his report of proposed locations for transportation and communication internal improvements of national importance. The North River figures prominently among his proposals as the best route toward western and northern lands; similar routes were chosen for the Erie Canal and other early canals built by the state of New York. He notes the following in reference to the North and Hudson Rivers:〔Portions of the (Gallatin Report ), 1808, Included in the ''Preliminary Report of the Inland Waterways Commission'', 1908〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North River (Hudson River)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|